Dual purpose cutting oil

ABSTRACT

A dual purpose cutting oil is provided which serves as a heavy duty cutting oil and a machine lubricant. The oil comprises a base oil, an extreme pressure agent comprising primarily Bis ( Beta -chlorophenethyl) disulfide and a copper corrosion inhibitor comprising an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto 1, 3,4thiadiazole.

United States Patent Seni et al.

[ Dec. 30, 1975 DUAL PURPOSE CUTTING OIL Inventors: Leonard S. Seni,Port Arthur, Tex.;

James E. Davis, Summerville, SC; Henry R. Harrison, River Rouge,

Mich.

Assignee: Texaco Inc., New York, NY.

Filed: Nov. 13, 1974 Appl. No.: 523,301

U.S. Cl. 252/46.7; 72/42; 252/47; 252/475; 252/394 Int. Cl.". C10Ml/48;C1OM 3/42; ClOM 5/24; ClOM 7/46 Field of Search 72/42; 252/46.7,47, 47.5, 252/394 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1969 Rul252/46.7

6/1974 Malec ..252/46.7 12/1974 Wilpers 252/475 Primary Examiner-DelbertE. Gantz Assistant Examiner-1. Vaughn Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Thomas H.Whaley; Carl G. Ries; Kenneth R. Priem [57] ABSTRACT A dual purposecutting oil is provided which serves as a heavy duty cutting oil and amachine lubricant. The oil comprises a base oil, an extreme pressureagent comprising primarily Bis (,B-chlorophenethyl) disulfide and acopper corrosion inhibitor comprising an alkyl derivative of2,5-di-mercapto 1, 3,4-thiadiazole.

10 Claims, No Drawings DUAL PURPOSE CUTTING OIL BACKGROUND OF THEINVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention pertains to the fieldof cutting oils.

2. Description of the Prior Art Metal cutting and grinding have as theirobjective a progressive removal of metal from the work piece in the formof chips rather than by plastic reforming of the metal. In the field ofmetal cutting, the use of single and multiple point tools is well knownand a great deal of metal working lubricant is used in the metal cuttingprocess. In general, two types of lubricants are needed: a metal cuttinglubricant and a machine oil. The cutting oil serves to remove heatgenerated during machining of the metal and lubricates the cutting toolagainst the work and chips. The machine oil lubricates the machineparts.

Cutting oils are generally paraffinic or intermediate base mineral oils.These are preferred because such products generally create less fog orsmoke than naphthene oil. In severe conditions, which are more normalthan not in heavy duty operations, it may be necessary to use anadditive package in the cutting oil. These additives will compriseextreme pressure additives,

copper corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, antimist agents,odorants to mask or remove the odors of other additives and otheradditives for special situations.

It is desirable when considering cutting oils and machine lubricants tothink in terms of using one oil for both purposes. The use of a singleoil rather than two or more has many advantages including reducedlubricant stock inventory and removal of the effects ofcross-contamination of cutting oil and machine lubricant. Although dualpurpose cutting oil formulations have been used in automatic screwmachines for several years, these formulations often cannot be used inheavy duty cutting operations. Conversely, it is known that heavy dutycutting oil cannot normally be used as machine lubricants since ingeneral they are unsatisfactory in copper corrosion characteristics.

It is an object of our invention to provide a dual purpose cutting oilwhich may be used for both a cutting oil and a machine lubricant.Because of a unique combination of additives, the oil of our inventionwill successfully operate as a dual purpose cutting oil for use in heavyduty cutting operations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is a lubricant which is useful asboth a cutting oil and a machine lubricant which comprises a majoramount of a base oil and minor amounts of Bis (B-chlorophenethyl)disulfide and minor amounts of an alkyl derivative of 2,5di-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The dual purpose oil of ourinvention is comprised of a base oil and additive package. The uniquecombination of additives in our oil was arrived at after many failuresof so called equivalent additives in other combinations. Although eachcomponent additive in our oil is used for a purpose for which it isgenerally known, the unique feature of our invention is the combinationof additives which function collectively to give a single product, allthe performance properties hereinafter enumerated without undesirableside effects such as malodor, corrosiveness, or instability. It wasfound in developing our invention that it was not enough to put togethera list of additives wherein each was known in the art to impart aspecific property. In every combination but the one of our invention,the additives were not compatible with each other and/or the base oil.Thus, other combinations attempted failed even though the additivepackage consisted of additives known in the art. The unsuccessfulformulations showed that when use together, many additives interact witheach other unpredictably or tended to ruin the properties of the oil insome way.

BASE OIL The bulk of our oil consists of a base oil.

In fact, usually more of our oil consists of a base oil which may beparaffinic oil of from about to 170 SUS/100F viscosity and preferably toSUS/100F viscosity. It is also acceptable to use a combination of two ormore oils as a base oil wherein one oil may range from about 80 to 120,and preferably from about 85 to 105 SUS/l00F viscosity and the other oilmay range from to 220 and preferably from about to SUS/100F viscosity.Paraffinic or intermediate base mineral oils are generally preferred asa base oil in our invention since they generate less fog and smoke thana naphthene oil. However, any suitable base oil may be used.

An extreme pressure agent is needed in the dual purpose cutting oil ofour invention. The extreme pressure additives useful in our inventionare halogenated aryl sulfides. These additives are, particularly,haloaryl polysulfides having one or more halogenated aromaticrings,which if desired can carry side chains containing halogen and/orother substituents.

According to a preferred embodiment of our invention, the extremepressure additives are chlorophenyl polysulfides. A particularlypreferred extreme pressure agent comprises primarily Bis(Ii-chlorophenyl) disulfide which is the reaction product of styrene andsulfur monochloride. This additive is present in amounts ranging fromabout 0.5 to 10 weight percent and preferably from about 1.0 to 5.0weight percent of the total oil.

A copper corrosion inhibitor is needed for the oil of our invention. Thecorrosion inhibitor which is useful for our invention is an alkylderivative of 2,5di-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. This copper corrosioninhibitor should be present in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to 5.0weight percent and preferably from about 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent inthe oil of our invention. A particularly preferred copper corrosioninhibitor is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,714,125; 2,714,126 and2,983,716.

Although the base oil and the two additives mentioned above will providean acceptable dual purpose cutting oil, it is preferred that otheradditives be used to provide additional properties which enhance thedesirability of the dual purpose cutting oil. It is particularlypreferred that a rust inhibitor be used. It is particularly preferredfor our invention that a combination of the extreme pressure agent and acopper corrosion inhibitor above be combined with a rust inhibitorcomprising a mixture of alkylmaleic acid, phenol and lauryl acidphosphate. This three component additive system provides a particularlypreferred cutting oil.

The alkylmaleic acid should be present in amounts ranging from about0.01 to 1.0 weight percent and preferably from about 0.02 and 0.05weight percent. The lauryl acid phosphate should be present in amountsranging from about 0.001 to 0.01 weight percent and preferably fromabout 0.002 to 0.005 weight percent. The phenol should be present inamounts ranging from trace amounts to about 0.01 weight percent. Thepercentage of these components is only approximate and may be variedoutside of the suggested ranges wihtout departing from the scope of ourinvention.

It is also desirable that cutting oils have an oxidation inhibitor, ananti-mist additive, and an odorant. The oxidation inhibitor may beselected from those known in the art. A great many oxidation inhibitorsare available commercially on many are hindered phenols although othertypes may be acceptable. Several of these might work in the cutting oiland the dual purpose cutting oil of our invention. However, it ispreferred that tertiary butyl phenol or 4-methyl-2,5-ditertiary butylphenol may be used in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to 1.0 weightpercent and preferably 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent.

An anti-mist additive is generally desirable and a few are known in theart. However, it is preferred in the cutting oil of our invention that acopolymer of ethylene and propylene be used.

A particular preferred copolymer of ethylene and propylene has amolecular weight ranging from about 70,000 to 100,000 and a propylenecontent of from about 35 to 50 percent. This copolymer is usually useddiluted with a paraffinic mineral oil. About 0.1 to 10.0 arid preferablyabout 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent of an anti-mist additive is desirable.

The odorant in the oil of our invention may be any of those that areavailable in the commercial market. Generally, the choice of an odorantis important in that a specific odorant will normally mask only a fewtypes important. In the oil of our invention, it was found that oil ofcitronella has performed adequately, although other odorants could havebeen used.

EXPERIMENTAL Table I following gives three formulations of our inventionwhich have acceptable performance properties as listed. Table II,following, is an illustration of the problems encountered in puttingtogether the formulation of our invention. We found that it was notenough simply to put together an additive package wherein each additivewas known in the art to impart a specific property. The additives mustbe compatible with each other and the base oil, they must complimenteach other and function together to give all the properties desired inthe intended application. Table ll,'following, shows a comparison of anoil of our invention (A) and three unsuccessful oils, B, C and D. Theoils A, B, C and D all contain an additive package of ingredients knownin the art to impart qualities which added together should result in asatisfactory dual purpose cutting oil. Yet only A was satisfactory inall respects.

As indicated in Table II, oil B which contains sulfur and chlorineextreme pressure agents with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate coppercorrosion inhibitor had the desired performance characteristic butdeveloped an unacceptable haziness in storage.

Oil C contained a non-corrosive extreme pressure additive and did notrequire a copper corrosion inhibitor. However, the odor of Oil B wasconsidered objectionable to customers and could not be marketed. Allattempts to mask the offensive odor failed.

Oil D was an attempt to develop a suitable product without malodorous orcorrosive sulfurized extreme pressure additives. A high extreme pressurelevel was achieved by using a relatively high concentration of achlorinated extreme pressure additive. Oil C appeared satisfactory inlaboratory tests but gave unsatisfactory maching performance in shoptest. Oil A proved satisof odor and thus the selection of an odorantbecomes 40 factory in every respect.

TABLE I TEST DATA ON EXPERIMENTAL DUAL PURPOSE CUTTING OIL FORMULATIONSIdentification Experimental Dual Purpose Cutting Oil TL-9297 AlternateAlternate Batch No., PARL-RL-73 8214 8619 8904 Composition Base Oil,Vol.

Code 481 101 Pale Oil 50.15 50.15 50.15 Code 409 E Pale Oil 49.85 49.8549.85 Totals 100.00 100.00 100.00

Finished Oil, Wt.

Base Oil 95.017 95.017 94.917 Car-A-Van 20/20 2.500 2.500 2.500 Amoco(PMS-05440) 0.100 0.100 0.100 TLA-S 10 Code 7566 TLA-5l0 A 2.000 2.000Code 2001 Anti-Rust Concentrate 0.033 0.033 0.033 MDBP (PMS-05149) 0.3000.300 Tertiary Butylphenol (PMS-05392) 0.400 Oil of Citronella(PMS-05297) 0.050 0.050 0.050 Totals 100.000 100.000 100.000

Tests Gravity, API 27.8 27.3 27.5 Flash, COC, F 375 375 380 Viscosity,SUS at 100F 158 159 156 Viscosity, SUS at 210F 43.9 43.8 Viscosity Index102 104 Color, D-1500 L1.0 L1.5 1.1.5

TABLE I-continued TEST' DATA'ON EXPERIMENTAL DUAL PURPOSE 4-Ball Wear, 1hr.

600 rpm, 75C, scar, mm

40 kg 0.66 0.70 0.64 Load Wear Index, Kg,

D-2596 81.3 91.8 87.1 Weld 501+ 631 631 SAE, lbs, ST-205,

500 rpm 452 442 435 1000 rpm 302 270 275 Mist Test (Modified WoodwardAir Release) Original Oil Very Good Very Good Very Good After shearing10 cycles FISST MS-103 Good" Good Good Sulfur/chlorine EP additivemarketed by Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals, Inc. Very Good none to barelyperceptible mist or fog. "Good very slight mist or fog.

TABLE II COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL CUTTING OILS AGAINST DUAL PURPOSEOIL REQUIREMENTS Identification A B C D Composition, Wt.

Base Oil 95.02 94.53 95.50 89.67 EP Agent Bis (B-Chlorophenethyl)disulfide 2.50

Sulfurized Di-isobutylene 2.14

Chlorinated Paraffin 2.00 2.00 10.00

Elco 217 Sulfurized EP Agent 2.50 Copper Corrosion Inhibitor ZincDialkyl Dithiophosphate 1.33

Amoco 150 Alkyl derivative of 2,5-

di-mercapto- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazole 0. l 0

Copolymer of Ethylene and Propylene 2.00 Oxidation Inhibitor4-methy1-2,6-Ditertiary butyl phenol 0.30 0.30 Rust InhibitorAlkylmaleic acid, phenol and lauryl acid phosphate 0.03 0.03

Odorant Oil of Citronella 0.05 Quality Characteristics (1) (2) (l) (l)Odor (Acceptable?) Yes Yes No Yes Stability (Stable?) Yes No Yes YesCopper Corrosion, ASTM D-1306hr. at 160F 1A 1A 1A 1A EP Properties SAETest, ST-205, LBS. at

500 rpm 452 480 417 500 1000 rpm 302 325 257 345 Load Wear Index. Kg81.3 51.5 59.0 47.2 Machining Perfonnance Level High High High Low ShopTest Pass Pass Pass Failed We claim: 3. A lubricant as in claim 2wherein the chlorophenyl l. A lubricant comprising polysulfide ispresent in an amount ranging from 1.0 to

a. a major amount of a base oil, 5.0 weight percent of the oil and themercaptob. a minor amount of a chlorophenyl polysulfide and thiadiazoleis present in an amount ranging from about c. a minor amount of amercapto-thiadiazole. 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.

2. A lubricant as in claim 1 wherein the chlorophenyl 4. A lubricant asin claim 1 wherein the base oil 15 a polysulfide is present in an amountranging from 0.5 to paraffinic oil having from about to SUS/100F 10weight percent of the oil and the mercaptoviscosity. thiadiazole ispresent in an amount ranging from about 5. A lubricant comprising:

0.05 to 5.0 weight percent. a a. a major amount of a base oil,

b. a minor amount of Bis (B-chlorophenethyl) disulfide, and

c. a minor amount of 2,5-di-mercapto-l,3,4-

thiadiazole.

6. A lubricant as in claim wherein the Bis (B- chlorophenethyl)disulfide is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to weight percent ofthe oil and the 2,5-di-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole is present in anamount ranging from about 0.05 to 5.0 weight percent.

7. A lubricant as in claim 5 wherein the Bis (B- chlorophenethyl)disulfide is present in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percentof the oil and the 2,5-di-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole is present in anamount ranging from about 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.

8. A lubricant as in claim 5 wherein the base oil is a paraffmic oilhaving from about 135 to 145 SUS/l00F viscosity.

9. A lubricant comprising:

a. a major amount of a base oil,

b. a minor amount of Bis (B-chlorophenethyl) disulfide,

I c. a minor amount of an alkyl derivative of 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole and d. a minor amount of a mixture of alkylmaleic acid,

phenol and lauryl acid phosphate.

' 10. A lubricant comprising:

f. oil of citronella.

1. A LUBRICANT COMPRISING A. A MAJOR AMOUNT OF A BASE OIL, B. A MINORAMOUNT OF A CHLOROPHENYL POLYSULFIDE AND C. A MINOR AMOUNT OF AMERCAPTO-THIADIAZOLE.
 2. A lubricant as in claim 1 wherein thechlorophenyl polysulfide is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 10weight percent of the oil and the mercapto-thiadiazole is present in anamount ranging from about 0.05 to 5.0 weight percent.
 3. A lubricant asin claim 2 wherein the chlorophenyl polysulfide is present in an amountranging from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the oil and themercapto-thiadiazole is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 to0.5 weight percent.
 4. A lubricant as in claim 1 wherein the base oil isa paraffinic oil having from about 135 to 145 SUS/100*F viscosity.
 5. Alubricant comprising: a. a major amount of a base oil, b. a minor amountof Bis ( Beta -chlorophenethyl) disulfide, and c. a minor amount of2,5-di-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
 6. A lubricant as in claim 5 whereinthe Bis ( Beta -chlorophenethyl) disulfide is present in an amountranging from 0.5 to 10 weight percent of the oil and the2,5-di-mercapto-1,3, 4-thiadiazole is present in an amount ranging fromabout 0.05 to 5.0 weight percent.
 7. A lubricant as in claim 5 whereinthe Bis ( Beta -chlorophenethyl) disulfide is present in an amountranging from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the oil and the2,5-di-mercapto-1,3, 4-thiadiazole is present in an amount ranging fromabout 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.
 8. A lubricant as in claim 5 whereinthe base oil is a paraffinic oil having from about 135 to 145 SUS/100*Fviscosity.
 9. A lubricant comprising: a. a major amount of a base oil,b. a minor amount of Bis ( Beta -chlorophenethyl) disulfide, c. a minoramount of an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto-1,3, 4-thiadiazole andd. a minor amount of a mixture of alkylmaleic acid, phenol and laurylacid phosphate.
 10. A LUBRICANT COMPRISING: A. A MAJOR AMOUNT OF A BASEOIL, B. A MINOR AMOUNT OF BIS(B-CHLOROPHENETHYL) DISULFIDE, C. A MINORAMOUNT OF AN ALKYL DERIVATIVE OF 2,5-DI-MERCAPTO1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE, D. AMINOR AMOUNT OF A MIXTURE OF ALKYLMALEIC AICD PHENOL AND LAURIC AICDPHOSPHATE, E. A MINOR AMOUNT OF A COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENEAND F. OIL OF CITRONELLA.